As early as 1980, The famous futurist Alvin Toffler warmly praised big data as "the cadenza of The Third Wave" in his book The Third Wave. As far as the scientific community is concerned, Nature launched a special issue on Big Data in 2008, and Science launched a special issue "Dealing with Data" in 2011, which mainly discusses the problems of big data in scientific research. In 2012, the Obama administration released the "Big Data Research and Development Initiative" (Big Data Research and Development Initiative), and compared big data to the future of oil. At present, big data has become an important part of information science and technology, and has a profound impact on social production and life.