This work aims at the problems in the management and development of modern enterprises and proposes perfect improvement strategies and suggestions. This work mainly introduces the modern enterprise management theory, development process and management strategy, and combined with specific cases for practical analysis. This work first explains the theory of modern enterprise management and summarizes the theoretical elements of enterprise strategic management, financial management, human resource management and social responsibility management. Secondly, with the background of reform and opening up, the development and innovation path of China's enterprise management is expounded. At the same time, the problems and strategies of enterprise people-oriented management, human resource management, financial management and crisis management are analyzed from the perspective of Marxist humanization, de-administration, artificial intelligence and social responsibility, combined with the cases of ABS Platform Company, Changhong Group and Chaqi Vegetable Industry. This work is of great significance to the development and innovation of modern enterprise management theory and strategy, and can promote the innovation and upgrading of Chinese enterprise management.